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1.
Educ. fis. deporte ; 38(1): https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/educacionfisicaydeporte/article/view/328862, Enero 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104422

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la intensidad relativa de los umbrales ventilatorios (VT1 y VT2) a partir de los indicadores de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmax), el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) y la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM) en jóvenes deportistas en función de su especialidad deportiva y grupo de edad. Método: muestra compuesta por 400 deportistas de ambos sexos, del Centro de Tecnificación de Cheste (Valencia), clasificados en 3 grupos de edad: <12-13, 14-16 y 17-20 años, de especialidades deportivas de resistencia: atletismo (n=134), natación (n=135) y triatlón (n=131) respectivamente. Los datos se obtuvieron de un test ergoespirométrico incremental en rampa, siguiendo el protocolo de Wasserman. Resultados: los resultados derivados del Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA), indican que, para el caso de las especialidades deportivas, como para los grupos de edad, se han encontrado diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en todas las variables medidas. Conclusión: establecer las intensidades relativas, permite planificar el entrenamiento con las velocidades adecuadas y, por tanto, con un carácter del esfuerzo correcto, no erróneo.


Objective: To determine the relative intensity of the ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2) from the indicators of maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and maximum aerobic speed (VAM), in young athletes based on their sports specialty and age group. Method: The sample is composed of 400 athletes of both sexes from the Sports Technification Centre in Cheste (Valencia) classified into 3 age groups: <12-13, 14-16 and 17-20 years, from endurance sports disciplines: athletics (n = 134), swimming (n = 135), and triathlon (n = 131). The data were obtained from an incremental ergospirometry test on a ramp, following the Wasserman protocol. Result: The results derived from the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that, in the case of sports disciplines, as for age groups, significant differences (p <0.05) have been found in all the measured variables. Conclusion: Establishing the relative intensities allows planning the training with the appropriate speeds and, therefore, with a character of the correct effort, not erroneous.


Objetivo: determinar a intensidade relativa dos umbrais ventilatórios (VT1 y VT2) a partir dos indicadores de frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax), o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e a velocidade aeróbica máxima (VAM) em jovens esportistas em função de sua especialidade esportiva e grupo de idade. Método: amostra composta por 400 esportistas de ambos os sexos do Centro de Tecnificação de Cheste (Valencia), classificados em 3 grupos de idade: <12-13, 14-16 e 17-20 anos, de especialidades esportivas de resistência: atletismo (n=134), natação (n=135) y triátlon (n=131) respetivamente. Os dados se obtiveram de um teste ergoespirométrico incremental em rampa, conforme o protocolo de Wasserman. Resultados: os resultados derivados da Análise de Varianza (ANOVA) indicam que para o caso das especialidades esportivas como para os grupos de idade se têm evidenciado diferenças significativas (p<0,05) em todas as variáveis medidas. Conclusão: estabelecer as intensidades relativas permite planificar o treinamento com velocidades adequadas e, por tanto, com um caráter de esforço correto não errôneo.


Subject(s)
Oxygen Consumption , Sports
2.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 80-84, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-773316

ABSTRACT

Muscle fatigue has widespread application in the field of rehabilitation medicine. The paper studies the muscle fatigue using surface electromyogram (sEMG) in the background of rehabilitation training system. The sEMG and ventilatory threshold of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and erector spinae are collected synchronously and the electromyogram fatigue threshold (EMG ) of different sEMG was analyzed by increasing load cycling experiments of 10 healthy subjects. This paper also analyzes the effect of isotonic and isometric contraction on EMG . Results showed that the appeared time of EMG was earlier than that of ventilatory threshold in the incremental load cycling. While the differences were subtle and EMG was verified to be effective. EMG has been proven effective for different muscle contraction by comparing the EMG of vastus lateralis and erector spinae. EMG could be used to keep muscle injuries from overtraining in the process of rehabilitation. Therefore, EMG has a great significance for femoral shaft fractures's fatigue monitoring in rehabilitation training.

3.
Motriz (Online) ; 25(1): e101982, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002699

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between the ventilatory method (VT) and the alternative method of heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in determining the anaerobic threshold (AT) during incremental treadmill test in dyslipidaemic patients. Methods: Twenty-seven dyslipidaemic patients (61.50 ± 10.46 years) performed an incremental treadmill test, in which the AT was determined using both methods. Bland-Altman statistics was adopted in order to verify the agreement between the methods. Results: Agreement in AT determination between the VT and HRDP methods was observed (p < 0.05) for heart rate (138.00 ± 23.80 and 136.26 ± 22.18 bpm, respectively), oxygen uptake (31.00 ± 10.33 and 31.00 ± 11.17 ml.kg−1.min−1), and treadmill velocity (7.67 ± 1.71 km.h-1and 8.00 ± 1.75 km.h-1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HRDP method can be adopted for the determination of the AT in dyslipidaemic patients, showing agreement with the VT method.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Dyslipidemias/therapy , Heart Rate/physiology , Exercise/physiology
4.
Motriz (Online) ; 24(1): e1018133, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-895049

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the behavior of different cardiopulmonary variables in exercise session with constant running speed, corresponding to the intensity of ventilatory anaerobic threshold and identifying the steady state in a different level of performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with nine elite athletes (31 ± 5.7 years, 1.7 ± 0.05 meters and O2max 68.6 ± 3.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) and nine non-athletes (32 ± 10 years, 1.8 ± 0.1 meters and O2max 47.2± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1). Two visits to the laboratory have been conducted. Firstly, cardiopulmonary exercise testing until voluntary exhaustion took place to identify ventilatory thresholds and maximum oxygen consumption (O2max) and secondly, there was a running session for 1 hour in ventilatory anaerobic threshold speed, with continuous measurement of exhaled gases. A range of 5% (∆5%) for VO2 and PetCO2 was used; 5.5% (∆5.5%) for VE and 3% (∆3%) for respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and one-way ANOVA with statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05 to identify the steady state of results. RESULTS: A session with constant speed related to ventilatory anaerobic threshold intensity showed similarity in the steady state of ventilatory variables except for RER in the NA group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the steady state from ventilatory variables related to ventilatory anaerobic threshold intensity that occurred independently of the physical performance level.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Athletic Performance/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Running/physiology
5.
MedicalExpress (São Paulo, Online) ; 4(6)Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894370

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine running economy in a large sample of elite soccer and futsal players to obtain benchmarks in different positions. METHODS: Running Economy is the energy demand at a submaximal running velocity. Players were divided into 6 subgroups. Soccer: defenders, midfielders, and strikers; futsal: defenders, wingers, and pivots. Elite soccer players (n=129) and elite futsal players n=72 performed an incremental running test starting at 8.4 km.h-1 with increments of 1.2 km.h-1 every two minutes on a treadmill until exhaustion. Running Economy was determined by interpolation between ventilatory thresholds 1 and 2 (VT1 and VT2). RESULTS: Running Economy (measured as mL.kg-1.km-1) was compared between the playing positions in the two team sports. In soccer, running economy was 222.7 (defenders), 227.0 (midfielders), and 219.8 (strikers) mL.kg-1.km-1, respectively. In futsal, the corresponding values were 198.5 (defenders), 196.9 (wingers), and 190.5 (pivots) mL.kg-1.km-1, respectively. We no found significantly differences between the three positions in both sports. The Running Economy of futsal players was 12.5% better than that of soccer players. Running Economy correlated positively with oxygen uptake at VT2 in both sports and in all positions. CONCLUSION: Futsal players exhibited better Running Economy than soccer players; this should be considered as a factor in the athlete's training plan.


OBJETIVO: Determinar a Economia de Corrida numa grande amostra de jogadores de futebol e futsal de elite em diferentes posições do campo. METODOS: Os jogadores foram subdivididos em três subgrupos: futebol (jogadores de defesa, meio-campistas e atacantes) e futsal (jogadores de defesa, alas e pivôs). Foram 129 jogadores de futebol e 72 jogadores de futsal, que competem nas respectivas primeiras divisões do Brasil. Os jogadores foram submetidos a teste de esforço em esteira (8,4 km-1.h+1,2km-1.h a cada dois minutos) até a exaustão. Consumo máximo de oxigênio, limiares ventilatórios e Economia de Corrida foram registrados por análise de troca gasosa respiratória. A Economia de Corrida foi determinada por interpolação utilizando as velocidades dos limiares ventilatórios 1 e 2 e o consume de oxigênio nas duas velocidades. RESULTADOS: Os valores de Economia de Corrida entre as posições nos dois esportes foram os seguintes: Futebol, jogadores de defesa (222,7±16,7mL.kg-1.km-1), meio-campistas (227±19,9mL.kg-1.km-1), e atacantes (219,8±17,2mL.kg-1.km-1). Futsal, jogadores de defesa (198,5±10,8mL.kg-1.km-1), alas (196,9±16,2mL.kg-1.km-1), e pivôs (190,5±11,8mL.kg-1.km-1). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as três posições em ambos os esportes. A Economia de Corrida dos jogadores de futsal foi 12,5% melhor do que dos jogadores de futebol. Neste estudo, os jogadores da posição pivô no futsal tiveram os melhores valores de Economia de Corrida (custo de oxigênio mais baixo). Embora o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e o limiar ventilatório 2 (LV2) fosse maior nos jogadores de futebol, a Economia de Consumo foi pior. Esta correlacionou-se positivamente com o VO2 no LV2 em ambos os esportes e em todas as posições CONCLUSÃO: Futsal tem melhor Economia de Consumo do que futebol. O presente estudo aponta a importância dos índices Economia de Consumo no plano de treinamento físico dos atletas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Athletic Performance/physiology , Running , Soccer
6.
MedicalExpress (São Paulo, Online) ; 4(6): M170605, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040458

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of an endurance exercise program in middle stages of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The patients were two women and seven men with Parkinson's disease, aged 56 to 74 years, classified at Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 to 2.5. The study was designed as an open long-term pilot trial over three months of supervised treadmill exercise training. Cardiopulmonary exercise test evaluations were performed before the start of the study (test 1) and after three months (test 2). The main outcome measure was walking economy (i.e., the rate of oxygen consumption during gait) measured between VT1 and VT2 speeds and Oxygen consumption (VO2). RESULTS: No changes (p=0.551) were observed for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, 24.6 vs 23.6 mL.kg-1.min-1) between tests. The walking economy was 20% better (p<0.001) after three months of aerobic endurance training (266.7 vs 212.6 mL.kg-1.km-1, pre- vs. post-training); the Cohen's "d" effect size (ES) was 0.99, a very large effect. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this pilot study in individuals with Parkinson's disease suggests that gains in walking economy occurs with a treadmill-training program without gain in aerobic power, but which may positively reduce the energy expenditure of activities of daily living in these patients.


OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de um programa de treinamento físico aeróbio em estágios intermediários da doença de Parkinson (PD). MÉTODOS: Os pacientes eram duas mulheres e sete homens com PD, com idade entre 56 e 74 anos, classificados como estágios Hoehn e Yahr 2 a 2,5. O estudo foi concebido como um ensaio piloto aberto de longo prazo durante três meses de treinamento supervisionado e realizado em esteira ergométrica. As avaliações da troca gasosa pelo teste de exercício cardiopulmonar foram realizadas antes do início do estudo (teste 1) e após três meses (teste 2). A determinação da economia de caminhada (taxa de consumo de oxigênio durante a marcha) foi medida entre as velocidades do primeiro e do segundo limiar (LV1 e LV2) e do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) entre as duas velocidades por interpolação. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas alterações (P = 0,153) para o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max: 26,7 vs. 24,2 mL.kg-1.min-1) após o período de intervenção. A economia de caminhada foi 23% maior (P <0,001) após três meses de treinamento físico aeróbio (273,4 vs. 209,4 mL.kg-1.km-1, ES = 0.99, muito alto). CONCLUSÃO: Evidências deste estudo piloto em indivíduos com DP sugerem que os ganhos na economia de caminhada podem ocorrer com um programa de treinamento de "endurance" aeróbica na esteira sem ganho na potência aeróbia, mas que positivamente pode reduzir o gasto de energia das atividades da vida diária nesses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Walking/physiology , Endurance Training , Oxygen Consumption , Calorimetry, Indirect , Pilot Projects , Longitudinal Studies , Electrocardiography , Exercise Test , Heart Rate
7.
MedicalExpress (São Paulo, Online) ; 4(1)Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841471

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that in players with better aerobic fitness, lactate production was not inhibited after high-intensity exercise, regardless of the footballer's position on the field. METHOD: Sixty professional male soccer players performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests on an ergometric treadmill; respiratory gas exchanges were monitored throughout and blood lactate levels at peak effort was measured, using a portable device. The heart rate response was determined by computerized EKG. Training sessions took place over an average of ten hours per week, and the players had 6.8 years of experience in competitive soccer; they were tested a third of way into the season. The positions tested were (centerback, fullback, midfielder and striker). RESULTS: The following results (mean ± std. dev.) were obtained: (1) peak oxygen consumption of 58.8 ± 4.5 ml.kg-1.min.-1; (2), blood peak lactate of 12.3 ± 1.6 mmol.L-1; (3) maximum heart rate of 193 ± 3.3 beats. min-1; (4); oxygen consumption at the second ventilatory threshold of 49.6 ± 5.0 mL. kg-1.min-1; (5); running speed at the second ventilatory threshold of 13.3 ± 0.8 km.h-1; (6) percentage of oxygen consumption in the second ventilatory threshold of 84 ± 6%. There was no correlation between maximum aerobic level vs. peak lactate concentration (r = -0,031; p = 0.812), nor between submaximal aerobic level vs. peak lactate concentration (r = -0.146; p = 0.335) in the positions tested. CONCLUSION: Better or worse aerobic profiles according to game positions in soccer players do not influence peak lactate levels following high-intensity exercise, and confirms the study hypothesis.


OBJETIVO: Nossa hipótese era que em jogadores com melhor condicionamento aeróbio, a produção de lactato não seria inibida após o exercício de alta intensidade, independentemente da posição do jogador no campo. MÉTODOS: Sessenta jogadores de futebol profissional masculino foram submetidos a testes de exercício cardiopulmonar em um analisador metabólico troca gasosa respiratória em esteira ergométrica, com medição dos níveis de lactato no sangue no pico do esforço, usando um dispositivo portátil. A resposta da frequência cardíaca foi determinada por eletrocardiograma computadorizado. As sessões de treinamento duraram uma média de dez horas por semana, e os jogadores participantes tinham 6,8 anos de experiência no futebol competitivo. Os jogadores foram testados a um terço para o final da temporada. As posições testadas foram (defesa-central, defesa lateral, meio-campista e atacante). RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram: consumo de oxigênio pico de 58,8 ± 4,5 mL.Kg-1min-1, pico de lactato no sangue 12,3 ± 1,6 mmol.L-1; frequência cardíaca máxima de 193 ± 3,3 batimentos.min-1; consumo de oxigênio no segundo limiar ventilatório de 49,6 ± 5,0 mL.Kg-1min-1; velocidade de corrida no segundo limiar ventilatório de 13,3 ± 0,8 km.h-1 e porcentual do consumo de oxigênio no segundo limiar ventilatório de 84 ± 6%. Não houve correlação entre o nível de aeróbio máximo (r = -0,031; p = 0,812) e o nível de aeróbio submáximo (r = -0,146; p = 0,335) nas posições testadas e na concentração pico de lactato. CONCLUSÃO: Melhor ou pior perfil aeróbio nas posições de jogo em jogadores de futebol não influenciam os níveis de lactato de pico durante a realização de exercício de alta intensidade, e confirmam a hipótese do estudo.


Subject(s)
Anaerobic Threshold , Exercise , Exercise Test/methods , Athletes , Heart Rate
8.
Insuf. card ; 11(4): 160-167, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-840760

ABSTRACT

El umbral anaeróbico ha sido utilizado como un buen indicador de capacidad funcional y de implicancias pronósticas en pacientes cardíacos. El objetivo fue evaluar un método no invasivo como el punto de quiebre del doble producto (PQDP) durante el ejercicio, punto en el cual se produjo un aumento claro y sostenido de la pendiente de doble producto (DP) durante la prueba de esfuerzo incremental. DP= frecuencia cardiaca (FC) x presión arterial sistólica (PAS), que podría ser aplicado para el entrenamiento físico y de información pronóstica en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria (EC). Material y métodos. Se evaluaron 33 hombres y 9 mujeres de 64,8 ± 7,6 años con EC documentada, clínicamente estables con tratamiento médico y en ritmo sinusal. Todos realizaron una PEG en cinta deslizante. El ejercicio consistió en un período inicial de entrada en calor (1 km/h) con cargas crecientes por etapa de 0,4 km/h cada minuto hasta el límite de tolerancia del sujeto. El consumo de oxígeno (VO2) se midió con un sistema portátil (COSMED), la FC con un ECG de 12 derivaciones y la presión arterial por esfigmomanometría en cada etapa. El DP vs VO2 fue sometido a 3 evaluadores independientes para la determinación visual del VT1 y PQDP. El test de Student se utilizó para comparar velocidad (km/h) en VT1 y PQDP y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre ambos parámetros (p<0,05). Resultados. Los pacientes no tuvieron síntomas. Se determinó el VT1 y PQDP en todos ellos. La velocidad del PQDP fue de 2,6 ± 0,5 km/h y la velocidad en VT1 2,6 ± 0, 6 km/h, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos. Encontramos una correlación positiva comparando VT1 vs PQDP (r2=0,6). Conclusiones. Se pudo medir el PQDP en pacientes coronarios con una buena correlación positiva con VT1. Esta variable podría ser eficaz en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad y seguimiento con el entrenamiento físico, pero requerirá más sujetos con diferentes condiciones físicas para ser analizada como un parámetro relevante.


The anaerobic threshold has been used as a good indicator of functional capacity and prognostic implications in cardiac patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate an alternative and non invasive method like the double product break point (DPBP), as the point at which a clear and sustained increase in double product (DP) slope occurred during incremental exercise test. DP= heart rate (HR) x systolic blood pressure (SBP), that could be applied for physical training and prognosis information in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods. We evaluated 33 male and 9 female patients mean age 64.8 ± 7.6 years with documented CHD, clinically stables with medical treatment and sinus rhythm, in conditions to walk in a treadmill using an incremental test until exhaustion. The exercise consisted of an initial period of warm up (1 km/h) followed by the work rate being increased by 0.4 km/h each 1 minute stage to the limit of the subject’s tolerance. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured with a portable system (COSMED), HR trough a 12 lead ECG (SCHILLER) and blood pressure with sphygmomanometer each stage. Double product vs VO2 for each subject was submitted to 3 blind evaluators for visual determination of the ventilatory threshold (VT1) and DPBP, respectively. A Student t test was used to compare speed (km/h) at VT1 and DPBP and Pearson’s product-moment correlation to assess the relationship between both parameters (p<0.05). Results. Patients completed the evaluation without symptoms. We could determine VT1 and DPBP in all of them. Speed at DPBP was 2.6 ± 0.5 km/h and speed at VT1 2.6 ± 0.6 km/h, with no significant difference between both values. We found a positive linearship correlation comparing VT1 vs DPBP (r2=0.6). Conclusions. We could measure the DPBP in coronary patients with strong positive correlation with VT1, and could be used as effective variable in the prognosis of this disease and monitoring physical training, but it will require more subjects with different physical conditions to be analyzed as a relevant parameter.


O limiar anaeróbico tem sido usado como um indicador bom da capacidade pulmonar e das suas implicâncias em pacientes cardíacos. O objetivo da nossa pesquisa foi avaliar um método alternativo e não invasivo como o ponto de quebra do duplo produto (PQDP), expressado como o ponto de inflexão na curva do produto da frequência cardíaca (FC) e da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) durante o exercício que poderia ser aplicada para o treinamento físico e da informação prognóstica em pacientes com doenças coronárias (DC). Material e métodos. Avaliaram-se 33 homens e 9 mulheres de média idade 64,8 ± 7,6 anos com DC documentada, clinicamente estável com tratamento médico e em ritmo sinusal. Todos eles em condições de caminhar numa esteira e, após sua adaptação, usando uma prova incremental hasta o esgotamento extremo. O exercício consistiu num período inicial de preaquecimento (1 km/h) com cargas crescentes por etapa de 0,4 km/h a cada minuto hasta o limite de tolerância do paciente. O consumo de oxigênio (VO2) foi medido com um sistema portátil (COSMED), a FC com um registro ECG de 12 derivações (SCHILLER) e a pressão arterial por esfigmomanometria em cada etapa. O duplo produto vs VO2 para cada paciente foi submetido a 3 avaliadores independentes para a determinação visual do limiar ventilatório (VT1) e PQDP, respectivamente. Uma prova de t de Student foi usada para comparar velocidade (km/h) em VT1 e PQDP e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre ambos os parâmetros (p<0,05). Resultados. Os pacientes completaram a avaliação sem sintomas. Foi obtido o VT1 e PQDP para todos eles. A velocidade no PQDP foi de 2,6 ± 0,5 km/h e a velocidade em VT1 2,6 ± 0,6 km/h, sem diferenças significativas entre ambos os valores. Foi observada uma correlação positiva comparando VT1 vs PQDP (r2=0,6). Conclusões. Foi medido o PQDP em pacientes coronários com uma boa correlação positiva com VT1 e esta variável poderia ser eficaz no prognóstico de esta doença e no seguimento do treinamento físico, porém se precisara de um número maior de indivíduos com diferentes condições físicas para ser analisada como um parâmetro relevante.

9.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 27(2): 209-216, abr.-jun. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678366

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar as contribuições do metabolismo anaeróbio lático (MAL) e alático (MAA) em intensidades abaixo do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Dez homens (23 ± 4 anos, 176,4 ± 6,8 cm, 72,4 ± 8,2 kg, 12,0 ± 4,5 % de gordura corporal) realizaram um teste progressivo até a exaustão voluntária para identificação do VO2max, da potência correspondente ao VO2max (WVO2max) e do segundo limiar ventilatório (LV2). Na segunda e na terceira visita foram realizados seis testes de cargas constantes (três testes por sessão) com intensidades abaixo do VO2max. Houve uma predominância do MAL sobre o MAA durante os exercícios submáximos a partir da intensidade correspondente ao LV2, sendo significativamente maior em 90% VO2max (p < 0,05). Dessa forma, esses resultados podem auxiliar treinadores a aplicarem cargas de treinamento adequadas aos seus atletas, de acordo com a exigência metabólica da competição...


The purpose this study was that estimated contributions of the anaerobic lactic (MAL) and alactic (MAA) metabolism during constant load exercises at intensities below the maximal oxygen capacity uptake (VO2max). Ten males (23 ± 4 years, 176.4 ± 6.8 cm, 72.4 ± 8.2 kg, 12.0 ± 4.5 % of fat body) performed in the first visit a progressive test until exhaustion to identification of VO2max, power output corresponding to the VO2max (WVO2max) and second ventilatory threshold (LV2). On the second and third visit, the participants performed six constant workload tests (3 per session) with intensities below VO2max. There was a predominance of MAL about MAA during the exercises sub-maximal from intensity corresponding to the LV2, being significantly higher at 90% VO2max (p < 0.05). Thus, these results may help coaches to implement training loads appropriate to their athletes, according to the metabolic demand of the competition...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anaerobic Threshold , Exercise , Metabolism , Oxygen Consumption
10.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 26(1): 17-27, jan.-mar. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624568

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar a associação entre os métodos de quantificação da carga de treinamento, PSE da sessão e impulso de treinamento proposto por Lucía (LuciaTRIMP) e descrever a distribuição da intensidade de treinamento no futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18. Quinze jogadores (média e DP; idade: 17 ± 1 ano; massa corporal: 70,4 ± 6,5 kg; estatura: 175 ± 4 cm e IMC 23 ± 2 kg.m-2) foram submetidos a um teste de corrida incremental para determinar o limiar ventilatório (LVmax), o ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) e o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Apenas oito atletas foram monitorados por meio dos métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP durante 78 sessões de treinamento antes da principal competição da temporada. Foram encontradas correlações individuais de magnitudes alta a quase perfeita (r = 0,64 - 0,91) entre os métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP. O padrão de distribuição da intensidade de treinamento foi 76, 18 e 6% do tempo abaixo do LV (zona 1), entre LV e PCR (zona 2) e acima do PCR (zona 3), respectivamente. O método PSE da sessão se mostrou altamente relacionado com um método objetivo de quantificação da carga de treinamento. Além disso, as sessões de treinamento de uma equipe de futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18 apresentaram um padrão decrescente de distribuição das intensidades de treinamento.


The aims of this study were to verify the association between the methods of training load quantification session-RPE and training impulse -proposed by Lucia (LuciaTRIMP) -and to describe the training intensity distribution in under-18 semi-professional futsal. Fifteen male players (mean and SD; age: 17 ± 1 years; body mass: 70.4 ± 6.5 kg; height: 175 ± 4 cm and BMI 23 ± 2 kg.m²) performed an incremental treadmill test to determine the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Only eight athletes had their training loads quantified by means of session-RPE and Lucia methods over a total of 78 training sessions before the main competition of the season. High to almost perfect correlations (r = 0.64 - 0.91) were found between session-RPE and LuciaTRIMP methods. The distribution of the training intensity was, respectively, 76, 18 e 6% of training duration below VT (zone 1), between VT and RCP (zone 2), and above RCP (zone 3). The session-RPE method was highly associated with an objective method of training load quantification. Furthermore, the training sessions of a semi-professional under-18 futsal team showed a decreasing training intensity distribution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Sports/physiology , Heart Rate , Oxygen Consumption , Physical Exertion
11.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-589481

ABSTRACT

Embora futebol e futsal sejam modalidades esportivas com gestos motoressemelhantes, as diferenças nas dimensões do local da dinâmica do jogo geram demandas fisiológicas distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar parâmetros representativos da capacidade aeróbia de atletas profissionais de futebol e futsal. Foram realizadas 553 avaliações ergoespirométricas: 367 atletas de futebol (32 goleiros; 335 jogadores delinha) e 186 de futsal (22 goleiros; 164 jogadores de linha). Os resultados foram analisados isoladamente em cada modalidade (comparação entre goleiros e jogadores de linha) e comparados entre futebol e futsal. Goleiros de futebol e futsal possuem menores valores de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), segundo limiar ventilatório (LV2) e velocidade de obtenção destes limiares em comparação à jogadores de linha das respectivas modalidades. Goleiros de futebol apresentam superioridade nestes parâmetros em relação aos goleiros defutsal. Não foram encontradas diferenças de VO2max e LV2 em jogadores de linha de futebol e futsal, embora os atletas de futebol atinjam os limiares em velocidades mais elevadas. Conclui-se que os goleiros de futebol e futsal apresentam capacidade aeróbica inferior a atletas de linha. Atletas de futebol apresentam melhor desempenho do que atletas de futsal em testes aeróbios.


Although soccer and futsal are sports with similar motor actions, the differences in size and match dynamics result in distinct physiological requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare parameters of aerobic capacity between professional soccer andfutsal athletes. A total of 553 ergospirometric evaluations were performed: 367 soccer players (32 goalkeepers, 335 on-court players) and 186 futsal athletes (22 goalkeepers, 164 on-court players).The results were analyzed separately for each modality (comparison between goalkeepers and on-court players) and compared between soccer and futsal athletes. Soccer and futsal goalkeeperspresented lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), and speed to reach these thresholds than on-court players of the respective modalities. Soccer goalkeepers were superior in terms of these parameters when compared to futsal goalkeepers. No differences in VO2max or VT2 were observed between soccer and futsal on-court players, although soccer athletes reached the thresholds at higher speeds. In conclusion, soccer and futsal goalkeepers present lower aerobic capacity than on-court players. Soccer players show better performance in aerobic tests than futsal athletes.

12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(3): 354-363, set. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560547

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Muitos métodos são empregados para determinar o Limiar Anaeróbio (LAn) por meio de ergoespirômetros sofisticados. OBJETIVO: Testar a variação no LAn, detectado por modelos matemáticos e de inspeção visual, quando empregado ergoespirômetro de baixo custo e destinado à aplicação clínica. MÉTODOS: Foram voluntários para esse estudo 79 indivíduos aparentemente saudáveis; desses, 57 homens. O VO2máx e o limiar ventilatório foram determinados por calorimetria indireta de circuito aberto. O método eletroenzimático foi empregado para análise da lactacidemia e determinação direta do limiar de lactato (LL). O LAn foi determinado por dois métodos matemáticos (MM SQR e MMslope), baseados nas trocas gasosas, e pelo método de inspeção visual do log-log, para determinação do LL. Dois pesquisadores independentes determinaram o LAn através da inspeção visual de três gráficos, considerando dois métodos (LAn-a= V-slope, EqV; e LAn-b = V-slope, EqV e ExCO2). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística paramétrica para determinação das diferenças entre LAn-a versus ExCO2, MM SQR e MMslope; LAn-b versus MM SQR e MMslope; e LL versus LAn-a, LAN-b, MM SQR e MMslope. RESULTADOS: O MMslope foi o único método que apresentou diferença significativa entre o LAn-a e LAn-b (p=0,001), com CV por cento >15. O LL versus MMslope não apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,274), contudo, observou-se um elevado CV (24 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que com o equipamento de baixo custo os métodos MM SQR e LAn-a podem ser utilizados para a determinação do LAn. O método MMslope não apresentou precisão satisfatória para ser empregado com esses equipamentos.


BACKGROUND: Many methods are used for determining the Anaerobic Threshold (AT) by means of sophisticated ergospirometer. OBJECTIVE: To test the AT variation, detected by mathematical models and visual inspection, when low cost ergospirometer is used and intended for clinical application. METHODS: Seventy nine apparently healthy subjects were volunteers in this study; from these, 57 men. The VO2max and the ventilatory threshold were determined by indirect, open-circuit calorimetry. The electro-enzymatic method was used for analyzing the lactacidemia and direct determination of the Lactate Threshold (LT). The AT was determined by two mathematical methods (MM RSS and MMslope), based on the gases exchange, and by the log-log visual method, for determining the LT. Two independent investigators determined the AT through visual inspection of three graphs, considering two methods (AT-a= V-slope, EqV; and AT-b = V-slope, EqV and ExCO2). The data were analyzed by means of parametric statistics for determining the differences between AT-a versus ExCO2, MM RSS and MMslope; AT-b versus MM RSS and MMslope; and LT versus AT-a, AT-b, MM RSS and MMslope. RESULTS: The MMslope was the only method that presented a significant difference between the AT-a and AT-b (p=0.001), with CV percent >15. LT versus MMslope did not present significant difference (p=0.274), however, it was observed a high CV (24 percent). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that with the low cost equipment, the MM RSS and AT-a methods can be used for determining the TAn. The MMslope method did not present satisfactory precision to be employed with this equipment.


FUNDAMENTO: Muchos métodos se emplean para que se determine el Umbral Anaerobio (UAn) por medio de ergoespirómetros sofisticados. OBJETIVO: Probar la variación en el UAn, detectado por modelos matemáticos y de inspección visual, cuando empleado ergoespirómetro de bajo costo y destinado a la aplicación clínica. MÉTODOS: Fueron voluntarios para este estudio 79 individuos aparentemente sanos; de ellos, 57 varones. El VO2máx y el umbral ventilatorio se determinaron por calorimetría indirecta de circuito abierto. El método electroenzimático se empleó para análisis de lactacidemia y determinación directa del umbral de lactato (UL). El UAn fue determinado por dos métodos matemáticos (MM SQR y MMslope), basados en los cambios gaseosos, y por el método de inspección visual del log-log, para determinación del UL. Dos investigadores independientes determinaron el UAn a través de la inspección visual de tres gráficos, teniendo en cuenta dos métodos (UAn-a= V-slope, EqV; y UAn-b = V-slope, EqV y ExCO2). Los datos se analizaron por medio de la estadística paramétrica para determinación de las diferencias entre UAn-a versus ExCO2, MM SQR y MMslope; UAn-b versus MM SQR y MMslope; y UL versus UAn-a, UAN-b, MM SQR y MMslope. RESULTADOS: El MMslope fue el único método que presentó diferencia significativa entre el UAn-a y UAn-b (p=0,001), con CV por ciento >15. El UL versus MMslope no presentó diferencia significativa (p=0,274), con todo, se observó un elevado CV (24 por ciento). CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluyó que con el equipamiento de bajo costo los métodos MM SQR y UAn-a pueden utilizarse para la determinación del UAn. El método MMslope no presentó precisión satisfactoria para ser empleado con estos equipamientos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Calorimetry, Indirect/methods , Models, Biological , Spirometry/instrumentation , Algorithms , Analysis of Variance , Calorimetry, Indirect/instrumentation , Calorimetry, Indirect/standards , Lactic Acid/blood , Retrospective Studies , Spirometry/economics
13.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 14(2): 145-149, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487451

ABSTRACT

A obesidade na adolescência está associada à disfunção simpato-vagal cardíaca em repouso, embora existam poucas informações sobre a resposta autonômica durante o exercício nestes adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Comparar a modulação autonômica durante teste de esforço físico dinâmico incremental em amostras de adolescentes obesos e não-obesos, e analisar a relação entre o limiar de variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (LiVFC) e o limar ventilatório (LV). MÉTODOS: Dez adolescentes obesos e 19 adolescentes não-obesos do sexo masculino com idades entre 13 e 18 anos foram submetidos à teste de esforço físico progressivo máximo em esteira rolante para estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) e para identificação do LV. A VFC foi estudada mediante análise do desvio-padrão da variabilidade instantânea batimento-a-batimento (SD1) da Plotagem de Poincaré. O LiVFC foi identificado na intensidade de esforço físico em que o SD1 atingiu valor menor que 3 ms. RESULTADOS: O índice SD1 diminuiu progressivamente em ambos os grupos até aproximadamente 50-60 por cento do VO2pico, sendo que os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores significativamente menores (p<0,001) somente na intensidade relativa a 20 por cento do VO2pico, Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores relativos (mL.kg-1.min-1) de VO2pico e LV significativamente menores (p<0,05) que os adolescentes não-obesos. Em ambos os grupos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o ponto de ocorrência do LV e do LiVFC, expressos em valores relativos e absolutos de VO2. Contudo, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o ponto de ocorrência do LV e do LiVFC, tanto em valores relativos quanto em valores absolutos de VO2. CONCLUSÕES: A obesidade na adolescência parece não estar associada à alteração da modulação autonômica durante o exercício físico. Torna-se possível determinar o LiVFC mediante análise da Plotagem de Poincaré em adolescentes obesos e não-obesos. Entretanto, a ausência de associação estatística entre o LiVFC e o LV demonstra que parece não haver relação causal entre estes eventos.


Obesity in adolescence is associated with a cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic dysfunction at rest. However, there is little information about the autonomic response during exercise in these adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiac autonomic modulation during a maximal exercise test in obese and non-obese adolescents and analyze the association between the Heart Rate Variability threshold (HRVT) and the Ventilatory threshold (VT). METHODS: Ten obese and 19 non-obese male adolescents with age between 13-18 years were submitted to a maximal progressive treadmill physical exercise test for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) study and VT determination. HRV was assessed through the study of Poincaré Plot, by the analysis of the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1). HRVT was defined as the effort intensity at which the SD1 reached less than 3 ms. RESULTS: The SD1 index reduced progressively in both groups until approximately 50-60 percent of VO2peak, while the obese adolescents showed lower significant values (p<0.001) only in the relative intensity of 20 percent of VO2peak. The obese adolescents showed relative values (mL.kg-1.min-1) of VO2peak and VT significantly lower (p<0.05) than non-obese ones. There were no significant differences between VT and HRVT, expressed in absolute and relative VO2 values for neither groups. However, no significant correlations between VT and HRVT were found, neither in absolute nor relative values. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in adolescence does not seem to be associated with the autonomic modulation during physical exercise. It is possible to determine the HRVT by Poincaré Plot in obese and non-obese adolescents. Nonetheless, the absence of statistical association between HRVT and VT suggests a lack of causal relationship between these events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Autonomic Nervous System , Exercise Test , Heart Rate , Obesity , Oxygen Consumption
14.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 13(3): 205-208, maio-jun. 2007. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-472218

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS E OBJETIVO: O limiar anaeróbio, que pode ser determinado a partir do método ventilatório, tem sido proposto como um marcador de capacidade e como referência para prescrição de treinamento em exercícios de resistência aeróbia. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2MÁX) e o limiar ventilatório (LV) de ciclistas e triatletas, durante teste em cicloergômetro. MÉTODOS: Doze atletas do ciclismo e 13 atletas do triatlo foram submetidos a um teste de esforço máximo, para a determinação do VO2MÁX e LV, que foi mensurado por meio de medida direta, utilizando um ergoespirômetro. O valor do VO2MÁX foi considerado o maior valor mantido durante 30 segundos consecutivos durante o teste. Os equivalentes ventilatórios de oxigênio e de dióxido de carbônico, a pressão parcial de oxigênio e a pressão parcial de CO2 (P ET CO2) foram plotados em um gráfico, em função da carga. A partir desses gráficos, o LV foi determinado usando o critério do aumento dos equivalentes ventilatórios com concomitante redução na P ET CO2. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença (p < 0,05) para o VO2MÁX (57,72 ± 3,92 e 49,47 ± 5,96kg·ml-1·min-1), VO2 no LV (46,91 ± 5,96 e 42,16 ± 4,97kg·ml-1·min-1) e freqüência cardíaca máxima (FC MÁX) (188,83 ± 12,89 e 174,61 ± 13,79bpm) entre ciclistas e triatletas, respectivamente. Entretanto, não houve diferença para o por centoVO2MÁX no LV (81,42 ± 7,61 e 85,18 ± 6,87 por cento), freqüência cardíaca correspondente ao LV (168,5 ± 13,79 e 157,23 ± 16,15bpm) e por centoFC MÁX no LV (89,23 ± 6,98 e 90,05 ± 1,04 por cento) entre ciclistas e triatletas. Concluiu-se que ciclistas e triatletas apresentaram diferenças quanto ao seu condicionamento aeróbio, pois apresentaram adaptações fisiológicas distintas.


BASES AND OBJECTIVE: The ventilatory threshold (VT) has been used as an indicator of the lactate threshold and used as a reference for endurance training. The purpose of this study was to compare the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) and the VT during a bicycle ergometer test between cyclists and triathletes. METHODS: VO2MAX was determined by open-circuit spirometry in 12 cyclists and 13 triathletes. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen consumption, the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide production, partial pressure of oxygen and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P ET CO2) were plotted in function of the workload. The criterion to determinate the VT was when the ventilatories equivalents increased with a concomitant reduction in the P ET CO2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was difference (p < 0.05) for the VO2MAX (57.72 ± 3.92 and 49.47 ± 5.96 kg·ml-1·min-1), VO2 at VT (46,91 ± 5,96 and 42,16 ± 4,97 kg·ml-1·min-1), and maximal heart rate (FC MAX) (188.83 ± 12.89 and 174.61 ± 13.79 bpm) between cyclists and triathletes, respectively. Therefore, there was no difference for the percentVO2MAX (81.42 ± 7.61 and 85.18 ± 6.87 percent), the heart rate at VT (168.5 ± 13.79 and 157.23 ± 16.15 bpm), as well as for the percentFC MAX at which VT occurred in these athletes (89.23 ± 6.98 and 90.05 ± 1.04 percent). In conclusion, cyclists and triathletes showed different aerobic capacity because they had unlike physiological adaptations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anaerobic Threshold , Athletes , Heart Rate , Oxygen Consumption , Bicycling
15.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 295-303, 2003.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-372040

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to develop a new method that enables individualized determination of the optimal exercise intensity for health promotion. Our study was based on the following observations : (1) physical activity at ventilatory threshold (VT) has been useful for enhancing physical fitness and even improving medical conditions such as heart failure, hypertension and diabetes, (2) exercise intensity at VT is characterized by suppressed vagal activity, and (3) vagal activity can be evaluated by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) . In the first study we defined a criteria for determining the exercise intensity corresponding to VT using HRV analysis (heart rate variability threshold, THRV) . In 16 normal subjects, a time series of ECG RR interval were recorded and the means of the sum of the squared differences in successive RR intervals (MSSDs) were calcu-lated during a ramp exercise test with a cycle ergometer. Based on the values of MSSD and the dif-ferences in successive MSSDs (ΔMSSD) at the intensity of VT, we defined the criteria of THRV as follows : MSSD<25 msec<SUP>2</SUP>and ΔMSSD<6 msec<SUP>2</SUP>. Another exercise test with a cycle ergo-meter was performed to evaluate the relationship between THRV and VT in 63 normal subjects. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>/wt) at THRV were 111.8±13.2 beats/min and 15.2±4.4 ml/kg/min, and HR and VO<SUB>2</SUB>/wt at VT were 116.2±11.6beats/min and 16.5±3.7ml/kg/min, respectively. There was a significant correlation between THRV and VT (HR : r=0.82, p<0.001, VO<SUB>2</SUB>/wt : r=0.88, p< 0.001) . Thus, THRV and VT provided almost identical exercise intensities. As a result, we propose that, similar to VT, THRV can be used as an indicator of the optimal exercise intensity suitable for health promotion in normal subjects.

16.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 18-22, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-284951

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between exercise intensity and immune function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten healthy young males underwent a constant work rate exercise of three levels, 90%, 80% and 70% ventilatory threshold (VT) work rate, for 20 min on a bicycle ergometer. These work rates were calculated for each individual based on his VT work rate obtained by the incremental exercise tests. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise, and immune function indices were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the obtained[Formula: see text] at[Formula: see text] in the incremental test, the[Formula: see text] with the exercise of 70% VT work rate was at a similar level and the one with the exercise of 90% or 80% VT work rate had a significantly greater value. The numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils significantly increased in the 90% and 70% VT work rate groups. In 80% VT work rate group, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly depressed. The CD16(+)CD57(-) (%), natural killer cell populations, had a tendency to increase at 80% VT work rate, and also the CD16(+)CD57(-) (%) had a similar tendency at 90% or 80% VT work rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study shows that moderate exercise reaching or exceeding the VT level acutely affects T cell and NK cell subsets.</p>

17.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 18-22, 2003.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-361474

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between exercise intensity and immune function. Methods: Ten healthy young males underwent a constant work rate exercise of three levels, 90%, 80% and 70% ventilatory threshold (VT) work rate, for 20 min on a bicycle ergometer. These work rates were calculated for each individual based on his VT work rate obtained by the incremental exercise tests. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise, and immune function indices were measured. Results: Compared with the obtained Vo2 at VT (VTVo2) in the incremental test, the Vo2 with the exercise of 70% VT work rate was at a similar level and the one with the exercise of 90% or 80% VT work rate had a significantly greater value. The numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils significantly increased in the 90% and 70% VT work rate groups. In 80% VT work rate group, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly depressed. The CD16+CD57− (%), natural killer cell populations, had a tendency to increase at 80% VT work rate, and also the CD16+CD57 + (%) had a similar tendency at 90% or 80% VT work rate. Conclusions: This study shows that moderate exercise reaching or exceeding the VT level acutely affects T cell and NK cell subsets.


Subject(s)
Work , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Exercise , Leukocytes
18.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 185-192, 2001.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-371951

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise and ventilatory threshold (VT), using the MemCalc system which is superior in spectral analysis. Nine healthy male subjects with no cardiopulmonary disease performed an exercise test to exhaustion to determine VT on a bicycle ergometer. Low frequency (LF : 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency (HF : 0.15-0.40Hz) and LF/HF ratio power spectra were calculated by maximum entropy method (MEM) spectral analysis, using the MemCalc system. In each case, when the subject started exercise, the HF component declined rapidly during the first 30 seconds ; and compared to the resting value, it declined to approximately 5 % at VT. The possibility of using this phenomenon as a criterion for setting intensity of exercise is tinder consideration. The LF/HF ratio showed different patterns of variation among the subjects. A significant linear relationship was seen between the declining rate of the HF component and VT (r=0.93, p<0.001), suggesting a corres pondence between the heart's capability of adjusting to maintained exercise and high endurance capacity.

19.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 393-400, 1998.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-371827

ABSTRACT

We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to study noninvasively the effects of aging on changes in muscle oxygenation during steady bicycle exercise. For the study, 6 healthy young males and 13 healthy elderly male volunteers were recruited. To evaluate the physical fitness level and to determine exercise intensity, the ventilatory threshold (VT) was first measured. As a result, elderly subjects were divided into two groups according to O<SUB>2</SUB> uptake at VT (Elderly-H ; 936.0±26.4, Elderly-L ; 695.3±29.9, Young ; 790.0±51.19 ml) . Secondly we measured muscle oxygenation by NIRS at rest and during exercise at relative work intensities of VT ; 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. In all cases muscle oxygenation at rest and during exercise was expressed as a relative value from 100% oxygenation (oxygen capacity) established by thigh occlusion (ischemia) . All subjects showed progressive deoxygenation with increasing intensity. There were no differences between the three groups in muscle oxygenation during exercise at relative work intensity of VT. These data suggest that aging and physical fitness level have no effect on muscle oxygenation below relative work intensity of VT.

20.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 73-85, 1998.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-371802

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during pushing of a racing-wheelchair. Five subjects with spinal cord injury (T4-L1) participated in two experiments. In the first experiment, the subjects pushed a racing-wheelchair mounted on a roller. Pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured to examine the physiological responses during submaximal and maximal tests of wheelchair exercise. The mean value of %VO<SUB>2</SUB>max at ventilatory threshold (VT) was 60.7±5.3%. VO<SUB>2</SUB> increased curvilinearly with speed, and HR increased with speed, forming an S-shape. HR increased linearly with increasing VO<SUB>2</SUB> before the VT, then showed a steeper parabolic rise to almost maximum, followed by a flat phase. In the second experiment, during 1500-m and 5000-m wheelchair races and a half-marathon, VE, VO<SUB>2</SUB>, and HR were measured to reveal the physiological characteristics of wheelchair racing as a competitive sport. During the 1500-m and 5000-m races by four subjects, the mean values of %VO<SUB>2</SUB>max were 73.1±7.3% and 66.0±13.3%, respectively. During the half-marathon by one subject, %VO<SUB>2</SUB>max reached 72.1%. These data suggest that wheelchair endurance athletes compete at very high intensity (over VT level) in wheelchair races.

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